Circuit Breaker pattern - If a large number of requests are failing or timing out, then trip the circuit breaker so that requests are immediately failed without being forwarded to the particular microservice for a timeout period.
Because making further requests to the service is pointless and will result in consuming valuable resources like threads in the calling application.
After the timeout period allow the requests to the service and if the requests are succeeding, close the circuit breaker.
Netflix Hysterix/Resilence4J are java libraries that implements circuit breaker pattern.
Using circuit breaker is just a part of handling the dependent service failure and we still need to return an appropriate response to the client.
Handling partial failure for an unresponsive service - Returning a cached version of data if available is one way to handle the scenario. For a critical piece of information for the API, if the service is not available, the API need to return an error and for a less critical information for the API, it can be chosen to omit the fields or return cached data if available.
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